Freshwater+Resources

= = = = =__Intro to Freshwater Resources:__=

In this Chapter you will learn the importance of Clean Water, Different Types of Water Pollutants, Conservation Efforts, and the Process of both Drinking Water Treatment Plants and Waste Water Treatment Plants.

=Click here.= = =

= =

=__Lesson 1: Water to Drink__=

Color code this picture everywhere there is water, even in pipes and buildings. Answer the Questions at the bottom of the page. (Key: Blue=treated/drinkable, Green= untreated/not drinkable/safe for environment, Brown/Purple= waste water)



Major sources of drinking water include:

 * 1) Groundwater wels= private source
 * 2) Reservoirs= public source
 * This source gets treated and piped to you
 * You have to Pay a water bill for these services

3 Factors that Determine Water Quality--
,
 * ==Cloudiness,[[image:water quality.jpg]][[image:water quality clarity.jpg]]==
 * ==Color,==
 * ==Odor[[image:water quality odor.jpg]][[image:water quality odor causes.JPG]]==
 * ==Odor[[image:water quality odor.jpg]][[image:water quality odor causes.JPG]]==
 * ==Odor[[image:water quality odor.jpg]][[image:water quality odor causes.JPG]]==

=Acidity:=

__pH:__ measure of how basic or acidic a solution is. In this case, water.

 * ==0-6.9= acidic Ex-- Lemon juice, acid rain, stomach acid==
 * ==7= neutral (perfect balance of acid and base) Ex--Pure distilled water==
 * ==7.1-14= basic Ex- saline, soap, bleach (things that are slippery to the touch)==

Acidic water can dissolve pipes, leaching metals such as Lead into your water. Ie- Lead poisoning!!


=__Hard Water__: High levels of Calcium and Magnesium. Creates problems because...=
 * 1) ==Lack of suds which means more soap is used (wasteful)==
 * 2) ==Clogs pipes/machinery= costly fix==

=__Coliform Count__: how much //E. coli// is in the water. (Origin- human or animal waste... yuck!)= = = =__**EPA- Environmental Protection Agency**__=
 * ==There is a "safe concentration" that is allowed and won't make you sick.==
 * ==If in high concentrations, it means there's contamination in the water!==
 * ==This is why we boil our drinking water after a flood... to kill bad organisms!==
 * ==This is why we boil our drinking water after a flood... to kill bad organisms!==
 * ==Protects our drinking water by testing it constantly!==
 * == **Sets limits/ safe concentrations for certain chemicals, minerals and bacteria found in water.** ==
 * **__Concentration__: amount of one substance dissolved in certain volume of water**

=**DRINKING WATER TREATMENT!**=

Drinking Water Treatment Video:
media type="custom" key="24957390"

Additional drinking water video:
Vimeo video of Water Purification CLICK HERE

**1. First Filtration- the big stuff is removed (ie leaves, fish, sticks- things found in a lake/reservoir)** __ **2. Coagulation** __ **-** __ **Alum** __ **is added which binds to impurities causing sticky globs called** __ **flocs** __ **to form.**
 * 1) ===These flocs become dense and fall to the bottom- leaving much cleaner water to be siphoned from the top.===

Bacteria in the sand further breaks down impurities. GOOD USE OF BACTERIA**
 * 3. Second Filtration ** **-- siphoning the better water off the top and sending it through sand and gravel.**

**6. Any Additional treatment needed for that area- softening water, adding fluoride, etc**
= The purpose of Drinking Water Treatment is to take Environmentally Safe water and turn it into "Potable" or drinkable water!!** =

=Water Distribution:= ==After treatment, water is stored in a which provides a great amount of pressure and pushes water down through a series of pipes. The pipes start as large water mains and eventually narrow to smaller copper or plastic pipes as seen here.==

==If additional pressure is needed to travel long distances or uphill, a PUMPING STATION will provide that extra push. You may have seen one that looks like this... They will continue through pipes till they get to homes and businesses.==

=__Public Wastewater Treatment__=

Waste Water Treatment Video:
media type="custom" key="25039136"

__Storm Sewers__

 * ==carries away rain water and runoff from the road.==
 * ==These are the ones that you see on the side of the road.==
 * ==Go to a nearby freshwater source: stream, lake etc...==

collects water here and returns it...

__Sanitary Sewers__

 * ==carries __sewage__ (all waste pumped from your home) to a wastewater treatment area (public plant or private septic tank)==
 * ==Only been around for 200 years... What happened before those 200 years??? //(it ran back into freshwater sources= breeding ground for disease. YUCK)//==

=See diagrams below for treatment process:=

===In BOTH private and public...=

5. No harsh chemicals because must go back into environment.
=**The purpose of Wastewater Treatment is to take waste water and make it SAFE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AGAIN!=

=Gray Water- partially treated wastewater used in watering parks and golf courses.=

==

=Water Filter Lab=

media type="custom" key="24988884"
media type="custom" key="28992949"

CLICK HERE for the link from Consumers Report
= =

=__A Funny for you --- or Not-so-Funny- if you are paying the water bill...__ =

Water going down the toilet... This couple came home to a $300 water bill after a two week vacation.
Average Monthly water bill- $35 Average Summer Monthly Water Bill- 75-250 depending on sprinkler systems and maintaining the lawn.

media type="custom" key="27112348" -__ =__Lesson 2: Purification-- and Balancing our Water Needs__=

When is water nonrenewable?
Renewable resources are natural resources that can replenish themselves easily over time. Water becomes a nonrenewable resource when water is being used FASTER than it is being replaced.

What is the biggest use of water in the US?
Agriculture- irrigating farms is still one of the biggest!

What are the three major forms of conservation by Industries?
You've heart it before... =REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE!!!!!=

*** Katy's Carwash on Alpharetta Highway Reuses there water- (don't worry it goes through a filter first!)
= = ==

=Distillation: What are the three major steps shown in the diagram above?=
 * 1. Heat the dirty water to turn liquid into gas (evaporation).**
 * 2. Cool the steam in the condenser.**
 * 3. Water turns from gas to liquid (condensation) and collects in the flask.**


 * Distillation can remove almost anything from water, even heavy metals, bacteria, poisons, and viruses.**

=Simple Distillation Video: Try this at home, add something to the water like salt! (What's that called again????) oh I forget... desaltification???? no that's not it... DESALINATION= =media type="custom" key="25092306"=

=So, if such a small amount of water is freshwater...lets use the water from the oceans! Thats the aim of desalination - removing salt and minerals from water! However, it costs TWICE as much from building a reservoir or recycling wastewater.=

Aren't you glad we don't have to learn this process??? WHOA!
= =

=__Lesson 3: Pollution__=

=Four Major Sources of Water Pollution:= 1. Human Waste (throwing trash -- or the more disguisting version of human waste... ) 2. Industry (Toxins, Smoke, Heated Water) 3. Agriculture (Fertilizers and Pesticides) 4. Road Runoff - What do I mean by this? What comes off of the roads? Well, cars leak gas and oil, and we put salt on the road with it snows. Guess where it all goes when it rains...? Down the storm sewers and into Mother Nature!

=What type of pollution is each picture?= == = =

=Point vs Nonpoint Source Pollution?= =1.Examine each picture= =2. Can you "point" your finger at the source of pollution?= =3. Or is it from too general an area?= Nonpoint source pollution?= =Answer is under each picture.=

=#1=

ANSWER #1: **POINT** SOURCE POLLUTION BP OIL SPILL!!! WE DEFINITELY KNEW THE CULPRIT FOR THIS ONE!

=#2...= == ANSWER #2: **POINT** SOURCE POLLUTION --COULD THIS BE MORE OBVIOUS??? THIS COMPANY GOT A MAJOR FINE FROM THE EPA!

=#3...= ==

ANSWER #3: **NONPOINT** SOURCE POLLUTION-- THERE IS NO CLEAR INDICATION FROM THIS PICTURE WHERE THIS POLLUTION ORIGINATED. MAYBE WITH FURTHER RESEARCH IT COULD BE FOUND...

=#4- THIS ONE IS TRICKY. HINT: THIS IS THE OUTPUT FROM A STORM SEWER...=

==

ANSWER #4: **NONPOINT** SOURCE POLLUTION.

WHAT COMES OUT OF A STORM SEWER? ROAD RUNOFF!!!! WHICH IS ALWAYS CONSIDERED NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION (THE POLLUTION IS SO GENERAL AND USUALLY COVERS SO MANY MILES OF ROAD, WHO KNOWS WHERE IT ORIGINATED.)

=#5: ANOTHER STORM SEWER...= == ANSWER: **POINT** SOURCE POLLUTION-- WHAT I DIDN'T TELL YOU WAS THAT THERE IS A CONSTRUCTION SITE JUST BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS PICTURE. THIS IS THE SILT FROM THE SITE. THINK ABOUT THE BILL NYE VIDEO! WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE???

=#6- SMOKE FROM A FACTORY?= == ANSWER #6: BOTH IN A WAY-- THIS SMOKE CAUSES ACID RAIN


 * POINT** SOURCE- IF THE EMISSIONS TAKEN DIRECTLY FROM THIS SMOKE DID NOT MEET EPA STANDARDS, THEY WOULD BE FINED/ FORCED TO MAKE CHANGES. (WE COULD "POINT" OUR FINGER AT THEM.)


 * NONPOINT** SOURCE: IF A CITY HAS ACID RAIN BECAUSE OF A GENERAL SMOG CONDITION OVER THE CITY, THEN THAT WOULD BE A "NONPOINT' SOURCE POLLUTION.

=#7... FLOODING= = = ==

ANSWER #7: EVEN THOUGH WE CAN BLAME "FLOODING" WE DON'T KNOW EXACTLY WHERE THE CONTAMINATION OCCURRED (REMEMBER STORM AND SANITARY SEWERS MIX- YUCK) SO THIS = **NONPOINT** SOURCE POLLUTION

=Human Waste and Drinking Water= So, what's in human waste that is dangerous to our drinking water? It has a high concentration of chemicals, toxins, pollutants, and disease-causing bacteria. It introduces foreign pollutants into the environment. If a septic tank was too close to an aquifer or a stream, then all those harmful pollutants could contaminate the clean water!

=Industrial Pollutants= 1. Toxins 2. Smoke 3. Heated water - Why do you think this is harmful? It changes the temperature of the environments around it.



=Agricultural Pollutants= 1. Fertilizer 2. Pesticides

=***Task: Now make a flow chart of the different types of Pollution.** = =Check you answers in the Study Resources/Keys Folder on Schoology.** =

= = =__Hickory Log Creek Dam__ =
 * __How much of a buffer zone is around the lake?__
 * __Why is this necessary?__
 * __What career would ensure this need is met?__

=Click Here for Clip on Storm Water Treatment by Bill Nye = =media type="custom" key="24957366" =

=Coal Combustion and Acid Rain (4:30) = =media type="custom" key="24957380" =

=Acid Rain Eating Away Washington, DC (2 min) = =media type="custom" key="24957414" =

So, how can farmers and industries start to prevent this?

= =

= = =Section 12.4: Water as an Energy Resource= = = =Bill Nye Short Clip on Renewable Energy= =media type="custom" key="24957478"= == =Potential Energy-- reserved energy that is pent up and waiting; found in the reservoir=

=Kinetic Energy-- Energy that is in motion; flowing down the spillway=

=Mechanical Energy-- Energy caused by kinetic energy physically moving the turbine which in turn spins components in the generator.=

=Electrical Energy-- also called "electricity". Produced in the generator and sent to homes via power lines.=

= = = = =__Now Quiz yourself:__= =__Answer Choices: Kinetic, Electrical, Mechanical, Potential....__= =1. What kind of energy is in the reservoir? hint... it doesn't move= =2. The Flood Gate changes ? energy to ? energy.=

(look at what is before and after the spillway)
=3. The Turbine changes ? energy to ? energy.= =4. The Generator changes ? energy to ? energy.= = =

Answers: (1) Potential. (2) potential to kinetic (3) kinetic to mechanical (4) mechanical to electric

=What are the benefits of the Hydroelectric power? What are downsides of building dams?=

Cons - Drastically changes the environment, High cost
= =